History Of Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History Of Human Rights - Essay Example Westminster School and at twelve years old was sent off to Oxford (Queen's College). From 1763, he considered law at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1772. Jeremy Bentham was an English thinker and political radical. In spite of the fact that he never provided legal counsel, he went through a large portion of his time on earth investigating the current law and emphatically supporting lawful change. Bentham is fundamentally known today for his ethical way of thinking, particularly his guideline of utilitarianism which assesses activities dependent on their outcomes, specifically the general joy made for everybody influenced by the activity. He kept up that placing this standard into predictable practice would give avocation to social, political, and legitimate foundations. In spite of the fact that Bentham's impact was minor during his life, his effect was more prominent in later years as his thoughts were carried on by supporters, for example, John Stuart Mill, John Austin, and other consequentialists.During 1776, Bentham drew out his first significant work, A Fragment on Government.3 It was about this time Bentham was to turn into a companion with a ground-breaking master, Lord Shelburne (1737-1805). Clearly, through the sponsorship of Lord Shelburne, Bentham had the option to set aside effort, to venture out and to compose. He [Bentham] has lived for the last f... His eye is speedy and enthusiastic; yet it looks not from item to protest, yet from thought to thought. He is clearly a man busy with some train of fine and internal affiliation. He respects the individuals about him close to the flies of summer. He ruminates the coming age. He hears and sees just what suits his motivation, or some 'inevitable end product'; and pays special mind to realities and passing events so as to place them into his sensible hardware and crush them into the residue and powder of some unobtrusive hypothesis, as the mill operator pays special mind to grist to his plant! (William Hazlitt.) Bentham's Philosophy Jeremy Bentham calculated that laws ought to be socially valuable and not simply mirror business as usual; and, that while he accepted that men unavoidably seek after delight and maintain a strategic distance from torment, Bentham believed it to be a holy truth that the best bliss of the best number is the establishment of ethics and enactment. Bentham guessed that the entire of profound quality could be gotten from edified personal circumstance, and that an individual who consistently acted with a view to his own most extreme fulfillment over the long haul would consistently act appropriately. Bentham is to be contrasted with William Godwin: they looked like each other in their visually impaired hatred for the past. While each lectured the requirement for peaceful unrest, each had an alternate after. Bentham's unrest was to be affected by enactment, Godwin's by contention. French Revolution:- The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a crucial period throughout the entire existence of French, European and Western development. During this time, republicanism supplanted the total government in France, and the nation's Roman Catholic Church had to experience a radical rebuilding. While France would sway among republic, realm, and

Economic Development Record Essay

Economies all around the world create after some time contingent upon the strategies that they attempt to use the assets inside their limits. Countries that use their assets experience monetary development and there is incredible inflow and surge of merchandise and enterprises in those countries. Monetary development implies that the country is using its assets productively and this has come about into expanded efficiency inside the different parts of the economy. Ventures inside the country increment because of the improved financial exhibition that will result to the formation of greater business openings thus lessening joblessness levels in the country (Daquila 2004). Because of the expansion in the quantity of ventures and yield in the previously existing enterprises, work openings increment and this realizes a decrease in the quantity of residents jobless. Joblessness is exceptionally essential in figuring a countries GDP which is a marker to a countries execution. Financial development portrays an expansion in dad capita pay. This is the salary related with each person in the economy in spite of the fact that they might not have it in their ownership (Daquila 2004). Dad capita salary is determined by isolating the general estimation of the economy proportionately separated between the nation’s by and large economy. Then again, Daquila (2004) characterizes financial advancement as the improvement in the work of individual residents of a country along with that of the frameworks that are set up in the country. A nation’s framework includes monetary, political and social structure from which the economy works in. All the above in addition to financial development characterizes monetary turn of events. Monetary execution is estimated utilizing different instruments that incorporate GNP and GDP. Gross domestic product evaluates the monetary exhibition offering thought to inside and outside exchanges (Daquila 2004). In setting up the GDP, thought is given to utilization in the country, consumption by the Government, interests in the country, exchanges the country that is imports and fares. Utilization involves transitory and durable products and enterprises inside the country. In deciding the durable merchandise they are thought to be items that will keep going for a time of three years from the date of assembling. GNP alludes to the contrast between imported items and administrations and the sent out items. The estimation of this distinction added to the estimation of items and administrations created inside the economy results to the GNP. To assess the financial presentation of a country, various markers are utilized to quantify precisely how the economy is advancing towards its monetary targets. A country needs to decide the degree of utilization of its individual residents (Todaro 1997). The degree of utilization implies the extent an individual spends subsequent to getting their pay. The rest of the piece of the pay is spared. The utilization level of a country decides the measure of investment funds in the economy. Reserve funds then again, invigorates development in the economy. At the point when people increment their reserve funds, the budgetary organizations hold more cash in this manner the expense of getting to reserves is low. Business substances in the country can get to assets requiring little to no effort from the monetary foundations. The acquired assets are utilized for the development of business activities over the ventures inside the economy. The development of business exercises results to an expansion in national yield and work (Munk and O’Hearn 1999). The expansion in national yield expands the fares of a country in regard to its imports. The subsequent equalization of exchange will be certain thus the country has more as far as remote holds that will help them with regards to buying produces from different nations. Consequently, investment funds are imperative for the improvement of the presentation of an economy. T o actuate investment funds in the economy, the open door cost of sparing must be high with the goal that people can receive a pattern of sparing since they are repaid plentifully for previous utilization. It very well may be reasoned that expansion in reserve funds results to an expansion in ventures that contribute towards the development of an economy. Expanded movement inside the economy results to an expansion underway degrees of the economy (Ros 2000). The country can deliver more items and administrations, that can address the issues of the countries populace. Since the items are privately fabricated, they are very reasonable along these lines people can spend less and spare more. This outcomes to an expansion in the genuine salary that people have in their pockets and are prepared to spend. It ought to be noticed that expanded creation must be met by equivalent utilization else it could result to misfortunes that will hurt the economy. Contingent upon the extension of the economy, paces of joblessness alter themselves in pretty much similar rates. Expanded creation will require an expansion in labor that will have the option to keep up the creation levels. Countries with huge populaces face a significant test in retaining its residents in the workforce. Singular residents for a beginning need to have the important aptitudes required to act in various ventures. Training in these economies must be submitted and coordinated towards imparting people with the important aptitudes that will be valuable in rendering administration to the different areas of the economy. A talented populace results to financial improvement since the people are inclined to practice their expertise base towards carrying on with a superior life in this way adding to the economy’s development. Financial improvement relies additionally upon the consumption of the nation’s authority (Preston 1999). The administration comprises of different offices that administer the execution of strategies that improve the condition of the economy. These divisions are given the money related influence to actualize and enhance the different financial perspectives for instance the improvement of fundamental framework inside the economy. In improving the foundation, the administration discharges cash from its coffers to the general population. Along these lines, the gracefully of cash increments to rise to its interest. Much of the time, when the Government spends on its advancement programs, cash gracefully is more than the cash requested. On the off chance that this circumstance is permitted to go unchecked it may result to swelling and later to stagflation; a circumstance where both the joblessness and expansion rates are so high. Along these lines, Government inclusion in an economy must be considered cautiously when undertaking improvement ventures. Expanded paces of creation in an economy builds the yield levels that may go over and past in fulfilling the neighborhood need. Having fulfilled the nearby interest, overabundance items can be traded to different countries. This encourages global exchange where countries trade wares they have in abundance for wares they don't have. Countries ought to abstain from bringing in more and sending out less as this prompts a negative exchange balance. This implies the country spends more in remote cash than it gets. Third world and creating countries ought to consider the above factors on the off chance that they are to accomplish prodded monetary development. They most significant is to guarantee that their populace is talented with the goal that they can use their aptitudes by setting up some salary producing movement that will make business openings and increment the complete creation of their economy. MALAYSIA. The current day Malaysia achieved autonomy in the 1957 from the British organization and agreed the sovereign status in 1963 (Malaysia 2008). The Britons built up themselves in mid 1880’s and later proceeded to control the state by building up a self overseeing expert for the Malaysian individuals. The Federal States of Malaysia were consolidated in the 1895. The states were under the British control until when the Japanese attacked in 1942. England battled over Japan and in 1945 the states where restored under the ward of the British. In 1948, guerilla developments started challenging the frontier authority that came about to a crisis revelation. In 1965, the Federation province of Singapore broke down from the part countries picking self administration. 1957 saw the achieving of autonomy of the Federation from the British specialists. In the late 1960’s, the Malaysian government looked to adjust the economy among its nationals to achieve financial advancement by equivalent appropriation of national riches among its constituent networks (Malaysia 2007). Malaysia has a rich culture that is obvious from its differing networks and language talking residents. Its populace comprises of Chinese speakers, Indians, English, among different dialects (Malaysia 2007). The enormous populace comprises of Malaysian locals nearby Chinese, Indians and other neighborhood networks. Malaysia comprises of people who practice diverse strict convictions that incorporate Hindu, Islam, Buddhist, Sikh among different religions. The extravagance of Malaysia presents it with a serious workforce than some other country on the planet. The improved monetary exhibition of Malaysia is because of a unified people from various societies and not permitting governmental issues to demolish their country. Malaysia has needed to keep up a unified country and focussing on the fellowship of the country by staying away from personal circumstances. Malaysia is improved with regular assets that incorporate raw petroleum and that it has needed to manage the asset in a cautious way to keep away from the negative repercussions that outcome from the unjustifiable appropriation of characteristic asset gains. Total national output (GDP). The GDP mirrors the all out movement in the economy. This considers both people in general and private areas of the economy and their commitment towards the advancement of the economy. It additionally mulls over the practices of the residents in respects

Dealing With Oppositional Defiant Behaviors in Children

Dealing With Oppositional Defiant Behaviors in Children ADHD Parenting Print How to Reduce Oppositional Defiant Behavior in Children With ADHD By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 30, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 12, 2019 Robert Daly / The Image Bank / Getty Images More in ADHD Parenting Diagnosis Treatment Symptoms Adult ADD/ADHD Living With ADD/ADHD School Family life can be frustrating and exhausting when you have a child who often displays challenging oppositional behaviors. But there are ways to make the situation better. The key is to understand where the behavior is coming from and to be prepared to handle hostile or defiant actions. Studies have even found that anywhere from 45 percent to 84 percent of children and adolescents with ADHD meet the full diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder. These children are more likely to disobey parents, act aggressively and be impulsive. They often have difficulty managing and regulating emotions and become easily frustrated and angry. In order to be able to deal with these behaviors daily, parents need to be prepared. This way you can respond to your child’s defiance in a way that is helpful rather than reactive and you can avoid saying or doing anything that will escalate the hostility between you and your child. Steps to Help Lessen a Childs Oppositional Behaviors Below are some steps you can take to help reduce your child’s oppositional behaviors and improve your parent-child relationship. Self-Care It may seem odd to put self-care first in this list of steps for improving your child’s behavior, but parenting a child with ADHD can leave you feeling exhausted, stressed, or depressed if you don’t take care of yourself. In that state, you are more likely to react to your child in a way that will make the situation worse. By keeping yourself strong, you’ll be in a better position to help your child. Delay Your Response Defiant behavior can take a toll on even the most patient of people. In moments of frustration, it can be easy to say something we will regret. Instead, get into the habit of taking a deep breath and counting to 10 (or higher!) before reacting. Use the delay in order to gather yourself and carefully consider the best way to respond to the situation. When your son or daughter is acting out of control, he or she needs you to be the calm in the storm. Catch Your Child Being Good Shape your child’s behavior with praise. Catch him or her being “good.” Label the positive behaviors you see (“Thank you for being cooperative.”). Set up rewards systems that reinforce these positive behaviors. It is always more effective to use rewards and incentives before punishments. Know that for a child with ADHD, you may have to use larger, more powerful rewards in order to help motivate. You may also have to switch up the rewards periodically in order to keep your child interested. Be Patient and Understanding Sometimes kids who have experienced repeated frustrations or failures will begin to balk at circumstances where they fear they will once again fail. In these situations, it becomes an automatic impulse for a child to respond with the opposition in order to avoid further hurt. Be aware of this coping strategy and consciously work to provide your child with opportunities for success. Sometimes tasks that seem simple to us are extremely difficult for a child with ADHD. Reward hard work, effort, and progress, rather than focusing solely on the outcome. Offer Acceptable Choices Offering choices allow your child a certain level of control over situations and help to encourage compliance. If you think about it, much of a child’s day is filled with directions from adults. When someone is constantly told what to doâ€"especially a child who tends to be rather oppositional in the first placeâ€"he or she may automatically begin to respond with an argument. Look for situations in which you can empower your child by providing choices instead of a command. So instead of saying, “It is time to do your homework right now,” try: “Would you like to start your homework now or after you have a snack?” Clarify Expectations Have  clear and consistent rules and make sure they are understood by your child. State the behavior you expect to see not the negative behavior. Tips for Giving Instructions Your ADHD Child Can Follow Maintain Daily Routines All children respond well to routines, and for kids with ADHD, a consistent daily routine is vital since knowing what is going to happen next helps keep things fairly predictable and less chaotic. Schedule One-on-One Time As parents, we are so often in the enforcer role, but it is also important for us to build in regular time just to be with our childrenâ€"listening and enjoying and relaxing together. Make an effort to schedule special time. So often kids with ADHD experience negative social interactions because of their provoking oppositional behaviors. More positive activities with you can have a powerful effect on their overall behavior. When to Communicate With Your Child’s Doctor If oppositional behaviors are becoming problematic, be sure to talk with your child’s doctor. It is important to reach out for help and support, especially when things begin to feel as though they are unraveling. With support, you can begin to make changes, help your child find greater success, and make family life much more satisfying.

Lilian S V Caltex Ltd - 17813 Words

The MV Lilian S 1 1 Owners of the Motor Vessel â€Å"Lillian S† v Caltex Oil (Kenya) Ltd 5 Court of Appeal, at Mombasa Nyarangi, Masime Kwach JJ A November 17, 1989 Civil Appeal No 50 of 1989 (Appeal from an order of the High Court at Mombasa, Bosire J, in Admiralty Cause No 29 of 1988 dated 28th February, 1989) Admiralty Law – admirality jurisdiction of the High Court Kenya – circumstances in which the jurisdiction can be invoked – Judicature Act (Cap 8), section 4 – Supreme Court Act, 1981 sections 20, 21. Admiralty Law – goods supplied to a third party stored in a vessel – whether vessel owner incurs liability for the price of the goods – Supreme Court Act, 1981 sections 20, 21. Injunction – ex-parte injunction – duty of applicant to†¦show more content†¦Cases 1. River Rima, The [1987] 3 All ER 1, CA; (1988) 2 LG Rep 193, HL 2. I Congreso del Partido [1983] 1 AC 244; [1981] 3 WLR 328, HL; [1978] 1 QB 500; [1981] 2 All ER 1064 3. Gatoil International Inc v Arkwright-Boston Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Co others [1985] AC 255; [1985] 1 All ER 129; [1985] 2 WLR 74, HL 4. Evpo Agnic, The [1988] 1 WLR 1090; [1988] 3 All ER 810 5. Brink’s-MAT Ltd v Elcombe others [1988] 3 All ER 188; [1988] 1 35 40 The MV Lilian S (Nyarangi, Masime Kwach JJ A) WLR 1350 CA 6. â€Å"Abidin Daver†, The [1984] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 339; [1984] AC 398; [1984] 2 WLR 196, HL 7. Schwarz Co (Grain) v St Elefterio [1957] 1 Lloyds Rep 283; [1957] 2 All ER 374; [1957] 2 WLR 935 8. Moschanthy, The [1971] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 37 9. Gulf Venture, The [1984] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 455 10. Andria, The [1984] QB 477; [1984] 1 All ER 1126; [1984] 2 WLR 570, CA 11. River Jimini, The (29 June 1984, unreported) Rotterdam District Ct 12. Reg v Kensington Income Tax Commissioners ex parte Princess Edmond de Polignac [1917] 1 KB 486 CA 13. Lloyd’s Bowmaker Ltd v Britannia Arrow Holdings PLC (Lavens Third Party) [1988] 3 All ER 178 Texts 1. Saunders, JB (1969) Words and Phrases Legally Defined London: Butterworths 2nd Edn Vol 3 p 113 2. Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers Staff, Shipbrokers Manual LLP Incorporated Vol I page 90 para 3 Statutes 1. Supreme Court Act 1981 [UK] sections 20, 20(1)(a), 20(2)(a-s), 21(4), 21(4)(b) 2. Rules of the Supreme Court 1988

Summary 2008 Financial Crisis - 747 Words

The financial crisis began in early 2006 when the subprime mortgage market in the U.S. began to display an increasing rate of mortgage defaults. These defaults lead, in late 2006, to a decline in US housing prices after nearly a decade of exceptionally high growth. Many Americans watched as their primary source of wealth become increasingly devalued. By late 2007, the prime mortgage markets were showing higher than normal default rates as well. Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs), a type of collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), allowed these problems to spread from the mortgage market to other sectors of the economy, having especially widespread effects on financial markets as a whole. CMOs were mortgage-backed securities†¦show more content†¦These liquidity problems turned to insolvency in September of 2008, when private lending froze completely in a number of important credit markets, such as commercial paper. As a result, non-financial businesses were unable to get access to the financing they required to function normally, leading to problems in the real economy. The real economy began to exhibit problems related to the financial crisis as early as March 2006, when investment expenditure on residential structures began to decline. In early 2008, this decline spread to investment in business equipment and consumer spending on durable goods. It wasn’t until the summer of 2008 that consumer spending broadly and GDP began falling, signs of a recession. (In December 2008, the National Bureau of Economic Research, official arbiter of business cycles dated the formal beginning of the recession as December 2007.) While the public had been concerned about recession for much of the year, it wasn’t until the fall that the economy began to decline at more than a 6% annual rate. Congress responded by passing the TARP plan to assist failing financial institutions. This plan was meant to decrease the severity of the recession by treating its cause: the financial crisis. The financial crisis and recession in the U.S.Show MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis Of A Single Country1671 Words   |  7 Pages Table of Contents Summary 2 Financial crisis 3 Impact of financial crisis 4 Effect of financial crisis on different on the economies of different countries 5 Mathematical problems 6 Conclusiom 8 References ..................................................................................................................................................9 Summary Financial crisis has long been a part of global economic recession throughout the history. Here, the purpose of this assignmentRead MoreData Analysis : A Critical Analysis Of The 2008 Financial Crisis1054 Words   |  5 Pagespercent conclusion cannot be drawn as fully statistically significant evidence was not ascertained. In addition, although all crisis has similar characteristics, they are actually different in nature. Thus, generalisation may not be possible based on this research in terms of either past or future financial crisis. Especially as this study only considered the 2008 financial crisis in its data analyses. Hence, this study has some limitations in spite of the contribution it makes. The first limitation isRead MoreThe Mortgage Crisi- Cause and Effect1167 Words   |  5 PagesThe 21st Century Mortgage Crisis ENGL106 January 22, 2011 Abstract The 21st century mortgage crisis is certainly a key factor to the current financial catastrophe. There are multiple events that contributed to the downward spiral of the mortgage business. The crisis can be directly linked to the overzealous dreams of home ownership to the manipulation and failure of capitalism. What started out as mortgage bankers’ relaxed and deregulated approach to funding unqualified lenders has turnedRead MoreFinancial Crisis : The Recession Of 2008-2009881 Words   |  4 PagesThe most popularly known subprime mortgage crisis came into lime light when a steep rise in home foreclosures in 2006 spiraled seemingly out of control in 2007, triggering a national financial crisis that went global within the year. The maximum blame is pointed at the lenders who created such problems. It was the lenders who ultimately lent funds to people with poor credit and a high risk of default. When Fed flooded the markets with increasing capital liquidity, its intention wa s not only to lowerRead MoreTesting A Series Of 2 Simples T Tests1115 Words   |  5 Pagesthe simple on these two period average groups. 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When the Feds inundated the markets with growing capitalRead MoreThe Big Short, Directed By Adam Mckay937 Words   |  4 PagesSummary The film the Big Short, directed by Adam McKay is about the financial/housing crisis of 2008. The film explains how the history of the housing market, how the crisis began, and introduced all of the people and companies involved. The most important aspect of the movie was that the crisis was foreseen, but nothing was done to prevent it. The three main characters are Michael Burry, Jared Vennett, and Mark Baum. Burry was the first to recognize the faulty practices of the housing market, andRead More2008 Us Economic Recession1709 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTIONS The  Global Financial Crisis  of 2008 is considered by many economists to be the worst  financial crisis  since the  Great Depression  of the 1930s. It resulted in the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions, the  bailout  of small and big banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. In United States, the housing market also suffered, resulting in  evictions,  foreclosures  and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role inRead MoreTaking a Look at the Great Recession782 Words   |  3 PagesMany economists have come to consider the 2008 financial crisis as the worst recession since the 1930’s Great Depression. The recession led to the total collapse of financial institutions, the withdrawal of banks by the national governments and the total collapse of stock markets across the world. The housing market also suffered in many areas, which resulted in prolonged unemployment, evictions an d foreclosures. The crisis played a key role in the failure of significant businesses, the declineRead MoreEssay on Global Inflation and Unemployment1279 Words   |  6 PagesArticle summary This article by Andrew McCathie posted in EarthTimes and titled â€Å"European inflation climbs unemployment at 12-year high was posted on Friday July 30 2010. The article reports that food and energy costs have played a critical role in driving up inflation in the 16-member eurozone. The rates of unemployment remained stagnant to its highest level during this time. Introduction The recent global financial crisis that affected not only America but also Europe and other parts of

Cloud Computing And Network Security - 790 Words

A.I. has been an up-and-coming topic recently having received multiple TEDtalks on the subject and having been argued about from some high profile individuals on social media along with a few experiments between two A.I. systems which, contrary to the popular news stories, did not get shut down due to apparent issues with the new language the machines created (Novet, 2017). With the near limitless possible applications of A.I. in today’s society, one that stands out to me is it’s potential to assist with the field of IT to include in particular cloud computing and network security. A.I. has the potential to help with how network security evolves to deal with external threats and how cloud computing can gather and store the information†¦show more content†¦This said, there is still the potential for an A.I. to lose out to hackers as an A.I. (as we currently view them) will never be as creative as those attempting to gain unauthorized access to a network. Accordi ng to an article on Information Age on the topic, this is where a hybrid approach could come in with the A.I. completing the bulk of the security testing with the occasional human interaction to â€Å"train† the system and help to correct false positives and introduce new techniques used by hackers. Instead of having your human employees spend their time on the almost mindless task of testing and scanning for potential security exploits, you could allow them to begin to think of more creative ways to test the systems in an attempt to stay one step ahead of hackers. Along with network security, A.I. could very well have a home when it comes to cloud computing where A.I. and machine learning systems have access to vast wealths of information to learn form and, in turn, feed information back into the cloud itself. Along with this, cloud computing can also help with an A.I. systems ability to learn the languages of humans and to communicate more accurately. With all of this, an A .I. systems place could well be cemented into cloud computing as it opens up the opportunity for humans to sift through andShow MoreRelatedComputing Is The Environment Of The Future Of Cloud Computing820 Words   |  4 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing has been ideas as the next generation paradigm in computation. Cloud is an environment of the software and hardware resources in the centers of data that provide diverse services over the network or the Internet to satisfy user’s requirements [1]. The explanation of â€Å"cloud computing† from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [2] is that cloud computing enables omnipresent, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurableRead MoreEssay On Cloud Security1577 Words   |  7 PagesCloud Computing Security Yachi Kathuria Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International University Email: yachikathuria16@gmail.com Abstract Being one of the largest growing technologies in the world right now, cloud computing is gaining a lot of popularity. Many people and organizations are moving from the traditional computing systems to the cloud computing. Giving so many benefits like low cost, high service availability and data accessibility, cloud computing isRead Morekudler fine foods risk management1362 Words   |  6 Pagestheir field, and much like most new technologies the use of wirelessly connected devices can pose a number of security concerns. The benefits of having connectivity throughout the enterprise can outweigh the security concerns that wireless technology can pose. There are certain steps that can be taken to mitigate most of the concerns of having wirelessly connected devices on the network and these steps will be touched upon along with some of the major threats. With the increase in data transferRead MoreCloud Computing Security : Context Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesCloud Computing Security Context Everyone has an opinion on what is cloud computing. It can be the ability to rent a server or a thousand servers. It can be the ability to rent a virtual server, load software on it, turn it on and off at will. It can be storing and securing large amounts of data that is accessible only by authorized applications and users. Cloud computing can be the ability to use applications on the Internet that store and protect data while providing a service anything includingRead MoreDevelopment Of The First Operating System1728 Words   |  7 PagesSince the development of the first Operating System (OS) to today, there have been many vast and extraordinary improvements, including the introduction of the first QWERTY keyboard, the first Graphical User Interface (GUI), to the present day mobile computing capabilities of smart phones. There have been many drastic changes from the first computers to today’s modern PC, which has become an essential component of our everyday lives. These improvements in computer technology have allowed for the developmentRead MoreCloud Computing : Cloud Service Provider Security1520 Words   |  7 PagesCloud computing enables the sharing of resources such as storage, network, applications and software through internet. Cloud users can lease multiple resources according to their requirements, and pay only for the services they use. However, despite all cloud benefits there are many security concerns related to hardware, virtualization, network, data and service providers that act as a significant barrier in the adoption of cloud in the IT industry. In this paper, we survey the top securityRead MorePublic Cloud And Private Cloud For Their Respective Intended Environments Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagespublic cloud and private cloud for their respective intended environments. IV. PROPOSAL FOR CLOUD TECHNOLOGY IN BANKING SYSTEM As the bank businesses grow rapidly, the amount of information and data in bank grow in multiplicative nonrepresentational times. This demand high data storage capacity and reliability. Presently, most commercial grade banks majorly adopt two types of storage applications namely NAS (Network Attached Storage) and SNA (Storage Area Network). 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So, there is need to move from conventional VANET to Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) by combining VANET with cloud computing. Also, VANETs use an open medium for communication and consequently are exposed to security threats that impact their Reliability. We address some major design concern that willRead MoreThe Importance Of Cloud Computing1745 Words   |  7 PagesMisuse of Cloud Computing Resource 3.Data breaches 3.1 Malicious Insider 3.2 Online Cyber Theft 3.3 Cloud Security Attacks 3.3.1 Malware Injection Attack 3.3.2 Wrapper Attack 4. Countermeasures 4.1 Security Policy Enhancement 4.2 Access Management 4.3 Data Protection 4.4 Security Techniques Implementation 5. Conclusion Abstract Cloud Computing is collaborative, less expensive, and has gain an upper hand in the industry today through the use of the internet. However, cloud Computing

Ethical Leadership Ethical Environment and Culture

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Leadership for Ethical Environment and Culture. Answer: Introduction: The businessmen who are ready to stop at nothing today, hardly give a second thought when it comes to making a decision where its a choice between doing what is ethical and what is going to make money for them. The Volkswagens emission test scandal was where they installed a software in their cars that hacked the car emission test and made the cars pass the test even though the emission from the vehicle was far above the optimum required level. Another alarming revelation happened in Australia where its largest convenience store chain 7 eleven was found to be using illegal work practices and underpaying its employees to save costs and exploiting the young foreign workers. These cases highlight the rampant practices of dishonesty, fraudulent practices, exploitation, illegal activities, merciless profiteering and ethical malpractices (Rhodes, 2015). What is common among both these cases is that the decisions were well thought out and willingly taken. The decision makers had a fair idea about what was happening and these were not mistakes but pre decided choices that they made. In both cases, they made the choice to make money rather than caring about the compliance to the standards or doing what was ethically correct. The Volkswagen tampered with the emission tests using a software that was installed in the car (Ferguson Toft, 2015). This happened for seven long years and wasnt a one-time choice or a hasty decision that was taken. The German car manufacturing company continued to install this software and play with the emissions test for seven long years until they were caught. The 7 eleven was also going on for years before the workers let out their franchisee practices and illegal ways of working. In both these organizations, the cheating and unethical practices have resulted in huge profit margins. Volkswagen became the worlds biggest car manufacturer in the year 2009, the exact year when this scam was started. 7 eleven has been working profitably and has been awarded with the franchisor of the year prize twice (Ross, 2015). The wage fraud and the exploitation of the workforce resulted in low operational costs of the store and increased profits for both the franchisee owners and the organization. A professor of Management and Organizational Studies at Macquarie University, Carl Rhodes has said that it is a mistake to think that businesses can be ethical. Although the statement enraged the business houses and the people collectively at that time, these cases prove just that. These were two organizations with mass following and people studied their business structure and operations. They were considered successful companies with mass following. There are business people who are meticulous about the ethical standards and take pride in adhering to the business ethics (James, 2016). Organizations like Volkswagen and 7 eleven drag everyone down with themselves. Ethical behavior is not incompatible with corporate logic. The tainted reputation and bad publicity that these scandals have brought to these organizations is very little when compared to the profits that they made by being unethical. The organizations took the easy way and minted money until they were caught. The organizations that were enormous in size and had thousands of employees working for them who were aware of what was going on got away with this for so long (Somers, 2001). It was not just the organizations, but also the workers who decided to stay quiet knowing completely well what was going on and what was unethical. It is a failure in business ethics and failure of the society as an ethical group. It shows that the corporate houses and manufacturing organizations cannot be given the liberty to make the decisions related to business ethics and ethical functioning of the organizations. As in the above cases, the organizations will always choose their own business interests and profit margins with little consideration of what is eth ically or socially right or is an environmentally viable option. On the contrary, the organizations will try to find the easiest way out with little to no consideration about the ethical and morally responsible thing to do. These scandals are living examples of how the malpractices can cause damage to the business functions and their goodwill. Volkswagen had to recall million of the faulty cars and the loss of reputation along with loss of sales had made the organization hapless. The CEO of Volkswagen resigned and the 6.5 billion Euros that the organization earned through the scam will all be used up in the remanufacturing and restructuring the organization (James, 2016). The wage scandal of 7 eleven caused the chairman of the organization Russ Withers and their CEO Warren Wilmot to resign. The new CEO had to face the wrath of the disgruntled employees and franchisee owners and public dissent. Both these revelations were a collective work of scientists, NGOs, academics, media, politicians and the public and it was not just one heroic individual that came to the rescue of the distressed world. These cases are termed as a victory of the society over the unethically functioning business houses. These incidents can be considered a victory of ethical work environment. They will forever be touted as the living examples of how important the organizations ethical choices are and how their adherence is a must. They are also and eye openers for the corporate houses who think that they can get away with the practice that are profitable for the business, but ethically wrong and the monetary and non-monetary damage that they can cause to the organizations working. Instances like these promote morally responsible behavior and can serve as a wakeup call to the organizations involved in ethically reprehensible actions and practices and influence their decision making process. Ethics significance in context of leadership The leaders who lead with dignity and treat everyone with trust and respect are defined as ethical leaders. In order to lead effectively and instill trust for the organization in the minds of the customers, leaders and other team members, it is necessary that the leaders lead with ethics and moral dignity. Creating a culture of ethics is very important as we have studied the cases of Volkswagen and understand the repercussions of not adhering to the same. Ethical leaders have efficient functioning, trustworthy workforce, organizational harmony and a tremendous impact on the people associated with the organization in any form. Creating an ethical environment is a mammoth task that unlike the general implementations begins from the top (Freeman, 2006). The ethics focused culture has to begin by adoption of ethical practices of the leaders as the first step. Once the leaders have it figured out and have the commitment to ethics and ethical culture clear in their mind, the next step is t o communicate it to the rest of the team. It may be a tedious and time consuming process, but once done the impact of this is long lasting and will result in the holistic growth of the organization. Employees of any organization are ready to accept the ethical ways of working when they are explained to them in a clear and unambiguous manner. Ethical environment is the one where every decision taken is fair, encouraging and supporting to not just the customers, but also to their own employees. Ethical working needs consistent commitment, it is not a one time process or decision and is definitely not an easy option when there are easier and profitable options that are more tempting (Mihelic Lipicnik, 2010). The moral principles are made to guide a person in day to day life, in the same way the ethical directives help the organizations set a code of conduct for both the leaders and the employees. Ethics are the standards that help the leaders make decisions in their day to day life. The ethics affect the day to day working of the organization and give them the guidelines to follow. Although the ethical code of conduct for an organization is common for all the employees right from the top management to the leaders to the subordinate employees and service staff, but the implementation and the application of these begins at the top of the organization. The leaders led the way for the employees with their ethical behavior and decisions and the rest of the organization follows their lead. Leaders are considered the role models of the organization and it is their responsibility to make ethical standards the way of life for the organization as a whole (Butts, 2012). The ethics and ethical code of conduct for an organization has to be practiced in every part and function of the organization right from hiring the employees to their training, performance, performance management, mentoring and employee engagement (Nath, 2009). The results of ethical leadership are profound and all the studies performed in these areas have proved this. A lot of researches have established that practicing ethical leadership in the organization leads to higher job satisfaction and employee engagement levels. The organizations practicing ethical leadership have been found to have lower employee turnover and more sense of belongingness among the employees. The ethical conduct of the leaders makes the organization and the employees more trusting and the employees are proving to have higher ethical standards as well. The employees are attracted to and fond of the leaders who support them, encourage fair treatment in the organization and are ethically reliable. There is no denying the fact that the leaders who work ethically are always in demand and are sought for by organizations and employees alike. Their ways of working not only make the employees happy, but are also profitable for the organizations in the long run. The workpla ces now-a-days are constantly evolving and becoming an employee centric. The organizational working is becoming more transparent and collaborative and there is an increase in demand for the leaders who have their ethics and moral principles in place (Kokemuller, 2015). Ethical leadership, although looks very attractive from the outside, the intricacies involved in practicing ethical leadership are huge. It means choosing the right thing to do always and at every step. It may even mean standing against the odds and sometimes even against the peers for what is the correct thing to do. Ethical leadership involves knowing the core values that a person and the organization stand for and having the courage to live by these values in the personal and professional parts of life. It means leading in a way that honors every individual and ensures they get what is rightfully theirs (Nijhof Olaf Fisscher, 1997). For very long time, the expectations from a leader were to get as much work done from their subordinates as possible and make a profit for the organization and result in higher productivity, but with the changing times the outlooks as well as the expectations from the leaders are changing. Good leadership is not limited to competence and productivity but also to the ethical conduct that transforms the way of working of an organization and the lives of its employees and the customers. Ethical leaders ensure the carrying out of ethical practices in the organization. Leaders are the people who hold the position of power on the job and off duty as well (Education, 2016). They influence their followers and make them perform in the planned manner and complete the tasks designated for them. Effective leaders are also responsible for stimulating attitudinal change within the organization and influence the processes to make them more efficient while adhering to the organizational code of conduct. They amplify the environment of the organization and make them self reliant decision makers. Ethical leaders are also found to be nurturers and supporters and are therefore respected and admired by the employees even more (Sadler, 2011). How can organizations environment become more ethical The ethical behavior and code of conduct of an organization is a much talked about topic. Most of the organizations are however still clueless as to how to implement and encourage a culture of ethical conduct within the organization. Many business organizations treat the ethical code of conduct as a sermon that has to be delivered in the organization. When it comes to ethics, it becomes difficult not to preach, but preaching alone will only make no difference (Buren, 2010). The organization and its leaders need to lead by example and show the employees how things can be done effectively while adhering to the ethical conduct. A good ethical behavior is a reflection of smart business practices. This is the reason why the organizations today are inclined towards ethics and ethical standards (Trevio Weaver, 2006). The bedrock of ethical behavior in an organization lies on certain values that are common for all the organizations irrespective of their nature of operations. The first and most important value is respect. All organizations run on the principle of mutual respect. The organization needs to respect itself as well as the stakeholders. The employees need to respect the organization and their leaders and the leaders need to have respect for their subordinates and the organizational values. Training and coaching of the employees is a must but mutual respect acts as a catalyst to the organizational working. This will help the leaders and the management and the need for micro management will disappear (Elango, et al., 2010). The organization must not hire or perform business with the people they do not respect and the employees must not work for an organization that they do not believe in or respect. The next value that fosters ethical environment is an honor. The organization must honor go od performers and value them. The organizations generally have a policy to reward the top performers, but it is also important to go beyond the sales figures and reward the people who put in hard work and show exemplary behavior ethically. The people who have contributed to the success of the organization. These people must be honored and motivated to promote such behavior even more. Integrity is another value that must be promoted for ethical behavior in the organization. It is important for the people in the organization to know the importance of integrity (E Fox, 2013). The employees must not cheat, steal or lie and always work with integrity towards themselves and towards the organization. It is necessary to allow them the space to own up to a mistake that they have done, but it is also important to understand that integrity is not something that can be developed in a day. It is a value that a person either has or doesnt and having people who do not possess this value will diminish trust in the leaders and the organization. The employees must be taught to treat others as they would like to be treated. They must not sell the organizations values short and must always adhere to the code of ethical conduct for the organization. The employees and the organization should always be customer oriented. No doubt the primary purpose of every organization is to make and maximize the profit, but the organizations are in business only because of their customers. This is one point that no person should ever forget. Without the customers, the company is nothing. If the organization is not providing the customers what they are asking for there is no point to that company. Being customer focused reinforces the responsibility that the organization has towards the customers and gives the directives to the employees as well. Customer orientation is important for the organ ization as the company failing to implement it not only risks the breach of the ethical code of conduct but also risk the long term health of the organization. Another point that the companies must focus on is result orientation. The organization must focus on the results and work on achieving them by following the organizational values The aim of the companys functioning must not be the results achievement but the efforts that people put in to achieve them (Elango, et al., 2010). An ideal ethical leader would first establish the goals and expected results for the employees and then support and guide them to achieve the same. This will only happen if the employees have trust in their leaders and respect for them. The leaders must provide feedback to the employees and results must not be numbers, but benchmarks and lessons for the future and goals to be achieved in the present. All great organizations are made of people who have a passion for what they are doing. The organizations who perform the best are not the ones with the highest paid employees, but the employees who are driven by excitement and thrill and want to make a difference in the organization and the world. If the passion is missing within the employees, they will put in minimal efforts and this attitude is highly infectious. Thus it is important to keep challenging the workforce and keep them engaged and excited about the work to be done. Persistence is also an important factor that contributes t o the ethical working. The employees must have a will to persist and keep going even when it gets tough. The leaders have to put in a lot of efforts to keep the fuel alive in the employees and constantly guide them in making the organization ethically driven. References Buren, J., 2010. Ethical Leadership, s.l.: Noonmark Nonprofit Services, Available at: https://www.uvm.edu/sites/default/files/ethical_leadership_factsheet.pdf Butts, J., 2012. Ethics in leadership and organizations, Available at: https://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763749761/EthicalLeaderhip.pdf Fox, E., 2013. 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